What is a hub on a motherboard. Replacing the north bridge, south bridge, video chip, hub in a laptop. What is it, why does it cost so much? What is a hub in a laptop
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Diagnosing a hub malfunction on an Asus P7H55M motherboard
What motherboard and how does it work?
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Moms # 769; nskaya pl # 769; that (English motherboard, MB, also used the title of English mainboard - main board; slang.mother, mother, motherboard) is a complex multilayer integrated circuit on which the main components of the computer are installed (central microprocessor, RAM controller and actually RAM, boot ROM, controllers of basic I / O interfaces). Usually, motherboard contains connectors (slots) for connecting additional controllers, for connections which are usually used by USB, PCI and PCI-Express buses.
The main components installed on maternal board:
Northbridge (English Northbridge), MCH (Memory controller hub), system controller - provides connection of the CPU to nodes using high-performance buses: RAM, graphics controller.
FSB buses such as Hyper-Transport and SCI can be used to connect the CPU to the system controller.
Usually RAM is connected to the system controller. In this case, it contains within itself memory controller... Thus, the type of system controller used usually determines the maximum amount of RAM, as well as the bandwidth of the memory bus. personal computer... But the current trend is to embed the RAM controller directly into the CPU (for example, memory controller integrated into the processor in AMD K8 and Intel Core i7), which simplifies system controller functions and reduces heat generation.
PCI Express is used as a bus for connecting a graphics controller on modern motherboards. Previously used common buses (ISA, VLB, PCI) and the AGP bus.
Southbridge, ICH (I / O controller hub), peripheral controller - contains controllers peripherals (hard disk, Ethernet, audio), bus controllers for connecting peripheral devices (PCI, PCI-Express and USB buses), as well as bus controllers for connecting devices that do not require high bandwidth (LPC - used to connect the boot ROM; also the LPC bus is used to connections multicontroller (English Super I / O) - a microcircuit that provides support for "outdated" low-performance data transfer interfaces: serial and parallel interfaces, keyboard and mouse controller).
As a rule, the north and south bridges are implemented as separate VLSI, but there are also single-chip solutions. It is the set of system logic that determines everything key features maternal boards and what devices can connect to it.
Random access memory (also random access memory, RAM) - in computer science - memory, a part of the computer memory system, to which the processor can apply for one operation (jump, move, etc.). Designed for temporary storage of data and instructions necessary for the processor to perform operations. Random access memory transfers data to the processor directly or through the cache memory. Each cell random access memory has its own individual address.
RAM can be manufactured as a separate unit or included in the design of a single-chip computer or microcontroller.
Boot ROM - Stores software that is executed immediately after power-up. Typically, the boot ROM contains the BIOS, but it can also contain software that runs under the EFI.
Abstracts
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What is a chipset? this - a set of electronic circuits designed on a PCB substrate to perform a set of connecting functions. The motherboard chipset plays an important role as a component, ensuring that all components connected to the motherboard and peripheral devices (USB, SATA, etc.) work together, whether external hDD or a regular USB 2.0 flash drive.
Chipset malfunction reasons:
1. Physical impact... The chipset is represented by two bridges (north and south) or on modern motherboards, one bridge (crystal), which are often covered with cooling radiators to protect them from overheating. During transportation, improper installation, or a blow or careless attempt to remove the radiator, one or more corners of the chipset (Chipset) of the hub (Hub) may chip, which inapplicably leads to the fact that you will need to replace the chipset (soldering the BGA chip) of the motherboard, that is removal and installation of a new one on a professional infrared station.
Replacement BD82Z77 SLJC7 BGA chipset on GIGABYTE GA-Z77X-D3H motherboard
2. Overheat... A very common type of chipset failure (especially on laptops). In this case, it is 100% likely that the faulty element will have to be replaced, but this requires diagnostics and determination of the chipset malfunction.
3. Program error... A rare case, but still encountered, as a variant of a hub (chipset) malfunction.
4. Manufacturing defects (or poor quality)... Do not forget about the fact that people and electronics work at factories in China, which can malfunction, as a result of which the chip can be defective due to violations of production technology, which can come to light, both in a month and in a few years ...
How to troubleshoot and replace the chipset?
You can fix the malfunction and replace the chipset (hub), soldering the BGA chipset, in our AppSPb service, in 1-3 days (depending on the availability in the warehouse) at the professional station ThermoPro IK-650 from 2000 to 4500 rubles. Repair and replacement of the chipset on the system motherboard is performed ONLY after diagnostics and determination of the malfunction.
In rare cases, at the request of the client, we can skip diagnostics and change the hub, but the result of the board's performance lies on your shoulders. Contacting our service with a malfunction, we will carry out diagnostics and notify you about the ways to solve it. We always try to save our customers' time and money, which is why, first of all, we consider the possibility of eliminating the malfunction by repair, and only then by replacement, since repair costs significantly less than replacement with a new component.
Repair of replacement of the chipset (hub) of the motherboard is carried out within one to three days, which will allow you to get your friend the next or one day after the delivery of AppSPb for repair.
Replacing the hub chipset on the motherboard from 2000 - 4500 rubles
When we intend to create a home network or connect several computers to the Internet, we often forget about the numerous devices designed to help in our business. Among the great number of such devices, we have selected the most useful for home use: a hub, a switch and a router.
To combine several computers into one local network, you can use hubs and switches. Let's consider how these devices differ from each other.
What is a Hub?
What is a Switch?
What is a Router?
Router - from the English "router", a router that can transfer data between different networks, for example, the network of your Internet provider and your home local network. The router also has connectors for connecting other devices, such as computers, modems, or a network switch, through a cable. As you probably already guessed, these connectors are referred to as ports.
A router is the link between two different networks and transmits data based on a specific route specified in its routing table. These tables allow the router to determine where to route packets.
Let's take a simple example for clarity. Imagine that one of the computers on your home network, for example PC1, needs to access the Internet. PC1 can be connected to the router directly or through a switch. In any case, the packet from PC1 will reach the router, and that will already send it to the global web. The router will send the answer from the Internet to PC1 directly or through a switch. As a result of this simple action, we will be able to view sites, download programs, chat and use other services of the global network.
You can see a schematic representation of two options for connecting home computers to the Internet through a router below.
Internet connection: router, switch and home computers
Internet connection: router and home computers
Since the number of computers in the home is usually small, you can do without a network switch. Fortunately, most routers allow you to simultaneously connect 4 or even 8 computers to the Internet. The more ports a router has, the more expensive it is. The router may have additional functions, such as a firewall, traffic encryption settings in wireless networks etc.
In computer stores, you can find ADSL routers, Wi-Fi routers, and many other models. An ADSL router is suitable for connecting multiple computers to a global network.
To create a local or home network, you need special devices. This article will tell you a little about them. I will try to explain it as simply as possible so that everyone understands.
Purpose .
Hub, switch and router are designed to create a network between computers. Of course, after creation, this network will also function.
The difference .
What is a hub
A hub is a repeater. Everything that is connected to it will be repeated. One is given to the hub and therefore everything is connected.
For example, you connected 5 computers through the Hub. To transfer data from the fifth computer to the first, this data will pass through all computers on the network. It is similar to a parallel telephone - any computer can access your data and you can also. This also increases the load and distribution. Accordingly, the more computers are connected, the slower the connection and the greater the load on the network. That is why in our time fewer and fewer hubs are produced and less and less used. They will soon disappear completely.
What is a switch?
The switch replaced the hub and corrects the shortcomings of its predecessor. Each connected to the switch has its own separate IP address. This reduces the load on the network and each computer will receive only what it needs and others will not know about it. But the switch has a dignity drawback. The fact is that if you want to split the network into more than 2 computers, then you will need more IP addresses. This usually depends on the ISP, and they usually only give one IP address.
What is a router?
Router - often referred to as a router. Why? Yes, because it is a link between two different networks and transfers data based on a specific route specified in its routing table. To put it very simply, a router is an intermediary between your network and the Internet. The router corrects all the mistakes of its predecessors and that is why it is the most popular nowadays. Especially when you consider the fact that often routers are equipped with Wi Fi antennas for transmitting the Internet to wireless devicesand also have the ability to connect USB modems.
The router can be used both separately: PC -\u003e router -\u003e Internet, and in conjunction with other devices: PC -\u003e switch / hub -\u003e router -\u003e Internet.
Another advantage of the router is its easy installation. Often, only minimal knowledge is required from you to connect, set up a network and access the Internet.
So. Let me summarize briefly.
All these devices are needed to create a network. The hub and the switch are not very different from each other. A router is the most necessary and convenient solution for creating a network.
HUB [hub] (hub) is a network device designed to unite computers into a single local network by connecting Ethernet cables and receiving a signal from one port and transmitting it to all others.
In this case, each network device gets only a part of the network bandwidth, for example, for a 100 Mbit network with a 4-port hub, each device will get 25 Mbit.
One of the disadvantages of hubs is that universal 10/100-Mbps hubs operate at 100 Mbps only when no 10-Mbps devices are connected to them.
If such a device is found, all ports on the hub will be switched to 10 Mbps.
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