Instructions for using the mhdd program. Hard disk drive (HDD) testing. How it works
In this article, ABC PC publishes the official documentation for the MHDD hard drive testing utility. All rights of this MHDD documentation belong to the author of the program Dmitry Postrigan. Thanks to this MHDD documentation, you can independently test the hard disk, perform low-level formatting, erase sector groups hard disk, manage SMART area of \u200b\u200byour hard drive and more.
What's inside MHDD
mhdd.exe - executable program
mhdd.hlp - this file is used by the SMART command help system
cfg / mhdd.cfg - in this file MHDD stores the configuration
During the first launch, the program will create a file log / mhdd.log... This is the main log file. All your actions and test results will be recorded in this file.
How MHDD works
Let's imagine how the MSDOS operating system works when it needs to read a sector from a drive. MSDOS will simply "ask" the BIOS to do this. Then, the BIOS looks in its tables for the port addresses of the required drive, performs the necessary checks, and then starts exchanging data with the drive. After everything is finished, BIOS returns the result operating system.
Let's take a look at the diagram. Here's how a typical DOS program works with a drive:
Program<---> MSDOS<---> BIOS<---> IDE / SATA controller<---> Storage device
Now let's take a look at how MHDD works:
MHDD<---> IDE / SATA controller<---> Storage device
The main difference: MHDD does not use BIOS functions or interrupts. Thus, you don't even need to define the drive in BIOS Setup. You can even turn on the drive after MSDOS and MHDD are loaded, since MHDD works directly with the drive registers and does not pay attention to such "little things" as, for example, partitions, file systems and BIOS restrictions.
Attention: Never run MHDD from a drive that is on the same physical IDE channel (cable) to which the tested drive is connected (to the cable, to the channel). You will have significant data corruption on both drives! In this regard, by default, MHDD does not work with the channel PRIMARY, since most users have MHDD there. To unblock the Primary channel, launch MHDD, then exit, then edit the file MHDD.CFG... Or use the command line switch / ENABLEPRIMARY.
MHDD uses DOS ASPI driver to access SCSI devices. If you don't plan to work with SCSI drives, then you don't need any drivers.
First launch of MHDD. Important information
Some people think that MHDD is a very complex program. They assumed that MHDD should be very simple, but when they ran it the first time without reading the documentation, they were disappointed. MHDD is a very complex and dangerous program. MHDD is much easier for those familiar with internal device drives.
It is very important to understand that you will have to spend several hours, and possibly days, before you get meaningful results from MHDD. I highly recommend trying a few non-defective drives before you start working with the defective ones.
On first launch, the program will create a new file ./cfg/mhdd.cfg... Channel IDE Primary disabled by default.
You will see a menu for selecting drives. Choose any device you want. You can bring up this menu at any time by pressing SHIFT + F3.
Now you can press F1 and use any MHDD commands. Please be extremely careful when working with MHDD the first few times.
I would recommend starting your acquaintance with the commands EID, SCAN, STOP, CX and TOF... Some of them have keyboard shortcuts assigned, for example F4 for the team SCAN.
Take a look at the registers. Any IDE or Serial ATA device should report DRIVE READY and DRIVE SEEK COMPLETEso you should see flags DRDY and DRSC... Flag BUSY signals that the drive is performing some operation (for example, reading or writing). Some flags like WRITE FAULT and TRACK 0 NOT FOUND are obsolete, you should never see them. Flag INDEX is also obsolete, however it may flicker at times. Flag DATA REQUEST (DREQ) means the drive is requesting a data transfer.
If you spot the flag ERROR (ERR), look at the error register. You will be able to determine the type of error that occurred. See ATA / ATAPI standard for further information on commands and registers.
Using MHDD Commands
Surface scanning in MHDD
Scanning of any device is possible only if it can be determined by commands ID or EID (or by pressing F2). To scan, type SCAN and press ENTER, or use F4... You will see a menu where you can change some settings. By default, the starting sector is zero (starting sector). The end sector is equal to the maximum possible (end of disk). All functions destructive with respect to user data ( Remap, Erase Delays) are disabled by default.
Click on F4 again to start scanning. MHDD scans drives in blocks. For IDE / SATA drives, one block equals 255 sectors (130560 bytes).
How scanning works
MHDD sends command VERIFY SECTORS with number LBA (sector number) and sector number as parameters
The drive raises the flag BUSY
HDD starts timer
After the drive has executed the command, it lowers the flag BUSY
MHDD calculates the time spent by the drive and displays the corresponding block on the screen. If an error is encountered ( bad block), the program prints out the corresponding letter that describes the error.
MHDD repeats steps 1-5 until the end sector. If you need a scan protocol, you can always find it in the file log / mhdd.log.
If the scan reveals errors, the first thing to do is to copy all the data from the drive. Then you need to completely erase the surface using the command ERASEthat erases every sector on your drive. The accumulator will recalculate the fields ECC for each sector. This helps to get rid of the so-called " soft-bad»Blocks. If erasing does not help, start scanning with the option enabled REMAP.
If you see that each block contains an error, do not try to erase the drive or scan with the option enabled REMAP... Most likely, the drive has a damaged service area, and this cannot be fixed by standard MHDD commands.
Viewing SMART Attributes in MHDD
You can dial SMART ATT or press F8 to view the attributes. What do they mean?
Perhaps the most important attribute for a modern drive is “ Reallocated Sectors Count"(Value Raw). This value tells you how many remapped sectors are on the disk. A normal drive has raw valueequal to zero. If you see a value over 50, the drive has a problem. This can mean a defective power supply, vibration, overheating, or just a defective drive.
Take a look at the attribute 194 - temperature. Good values \u200b\u200bare between 20 and 40 degrees. Some drives do not report temperature.
Attribute UDMA CRC error rate means the number of errors that occur when transferring data over IDE / SATA cable... The normal raw value of this attribute is zero. If you see a different value, you need to urgently replace the cable. Also, overclocking greatly affects the number of errors of this type.
Other attributes are usually less important. See ATA / ATAPI standard for more information on attributes and tests SMART.
Drive identification commands in MHDD
Try commands ID and EID to view information about your drive.
See ATA / ATAPI standard for more information.
Erasing sector groups or whole disk in MHDD
You can use the command ERASE... If your drive was recognized in BIOS Setup (or during POST test), MHDD will try to use BIOS functions to erase the drive in UDMA... If you don't want MHDD to try to use the BIOS, use the option / DISABLEBIOS.
Reducing the amount of storage in MHDD
Use the command HPA to limit the storage capacity. The program will ask for the new number of available sectors. To remove the set restrictions, use the command NHPA... Perform a "turn off-turn on" cycle of the drive before using the command NHPA... In accordance with ATA / ATAPI standard, you can change the storage capacity only once during one storage cycle.
Password protection management in MHDD
Use the command PWD to lock the drive with a USER password. In accordance with ATA / ATAPI standard, you need to turn off and turn on the drive for the changes to take effect.
MHDD has two commands for unlocking drives: UNLOCK and DISPWD. UNLOCK unlocks the drive until the first shutdown. In order to disable the password system, you must first use the command UNLOCK, and replace the command DISPWD (the password must be known).
The master password is set by the manufacturer and can be used to unlock.
Reading sectors to file in MHDD
You can read just a few sectors or an entire disk into a file or set of files. Try the command TOF... The program skips defective sectors. If you plan to create an image larger than 1 gigabyte, it is better to use the command ATOF, as she is able to automatically "cut" images.
Writing sectors from file to disk in MHDD
Use the command FF to write sectors to disk. You will be asked to enter the number of the first sector to record and the number of sectors to record in succession.
Drive noise management in MHDD
Almost all modern storage devices support Acoustic Management... You can reduce the noise generated by the movement of the heads by decreasing their speed. Use the command AAM for settings.
Drive configuration in MHDD
Using the command CONFIG you can view and change the configuration of the drive, such as maximum mode UDMA, systems support Security, SMART, AAM, HPA, mode support LBA48... It is also possible to change the size of the disk. Some manufacturers reduce the size of the disk by changing the configuration, you have the opportunity to restore the original size.
Batch run commands in MHDD
You can write a very simple batch file (see example in the directory BATCH), where you describe everything you want to accomplish. Click on F5when you want to run such a file for execution.
Other commands in MHDD
Click on F1... You will see a quick reference for all MHDD commands. For more detailed information, please use the command MAN.
Command Line Options for MHDD
/ NOPINGPONG Disable some sounds
/ DISABLEBIOS Disable erasing (ERASE) via BIOS
/ DISABLESCSI Disable SCSI module
/ ENABLEPRIMARY Connect Primary IDE / SATA Channel
/ RO This key is used to run MHDD on write-protected media. It disables attempts to create temporary files, as well as disables logging.
Before issuing this command, issue the UNLOCK command
RPM Change the spindle speed(this procedure is not guaranteed to work)
FF Write disk sectors. Data for writing is taken from the specified file
AAM Adjust drive noise characteristics
MAKEBAD Generation of BAD blocks. Doesn't work on all drives
RANDOMBAD Generation of bad blocks scattering them randomly over the surface
INIT Reset and recalibration
Fdisk Make one partition for the whole disk. Only MBR changes
SMART / SMART System Management and Attribute View
STOP / Stop spindle
I / Send commands ID, then INIT
ERASE Selective sector erase or full surface erase (low-level formatting)
To erase directly, bypassing the BIOS, you can disconnect the disk in bIOS settings, or erase with the parameter / DISABLEBIOSThis parameter does not affect the erasing speed.
FASTERASE Erasing the surface at maximum speed (using a password system)
TOF Reading disk sectors to a file
HDD (hard drive) is one of the main components of any computer, because it is from here that the operating system is loaded. Therefore, the role of such a device is simply impossible to overestimate. The stability of the system and the speed of reading data depends on the work of the hard disk. However, as is the case with other components, the hard drive can also fail at any time, which brings a lot of inconvenience to any user. There can be many reasons for this, and such a device is not always subject to repair. But the possibility of hard disk recovery is still there. Therefore, if you are faced with such a problem, you should not first run to a computer store and buy a new hard drive.
One of the best programs that can restore a hard drive, which has been considered MHDD for many years. Each user will be able to understand her work, thanks to which she gained immense popularity. But this is not the main thing. It really helps to restore the hard drive in most cases, and you don't even have to pay someone for it.
Description of the MHDD program.
MHDD is one of the most common programs that will help you diagnose and repair your hard drive. You can download it on various sites, and you can do it absolutely free of charge, which also pleases users. First of all, it should be noted that this program is suitable for most HDD interfaces, including SATA, IDE, SCSI, USB.The first version of MHDD appeared back in 2000, and the developers were Russian specialists. At that time, the program could scan the surface of the hard drive with the IDE interface. Today, with the help of MHDD, you can perform not only diagnostics, but also many other useful functions, including:
- reading or writing arbitrary sectors of the hard drive;
- management of the SMART system;
- removal of poorly functioning sectors;
- cleaning the hard drive;
- changing the volume of the hard disk;
- system password management;
- reduction of noise during device operation. This significantly reduces the speed of the HDD;
- hard drive test at maximum loads.
The main advantage of such a program is the speed of its work. You can run diagnostics and check the hard disk for errors in a very short period of time. Also, the advantages of MHDD include the ability to run the program from any storage medium, be it a floppy disk, disk or USB drive.
How does MHDD work.
First of all, to run this program, you need to go into the BIOS, where you need to change the system boot method. It is required to boot from the device where the program itself is located, that is, from a disk, floppy disk or USB drive. This is done very simply, you just need to install the device you need in the First Boot Device item. For example, if you want to boot from a CD-ROM, it will look like this:After that, save all changes and reboot the system. This will launch the MHDD program, which will first of all display a message whether the ADAPTEC drivers need to be loaded. In most cases, you do not need to download them. Therefore, choose the appropriate item and proceed to the next step.
The program will give you information with the number of sectors that are on your hard disk.
Also, the hard drive will be assigned a specific channel number, which will be necessary for further work with MHDD. You will need to enter this number, after which you can start working with the hard drive.
After that, you can find out all the information about the hard drive, as well as get acquainted with the basic commands that will be needed to work with MHDD. To do this, respectively, you will need to press F2 and F1, respectively. Next, you can start scanning the hard drive by entering the command name (Scan), after which you will see the following menu in front of you:
In this case, you can start checking your hard drive, indicating from which and for which sector you need to diagnose. You enter this data in the first two lines of the menu. All other items can be left unchanged. After that, you can start checking and determining the bad sectors of the hard disk, for this press the F4 key. It is also sometimes useful to change the last item from Off to On in the menu. This is necessary if you suspect that the system itself mistakenly classifies some sectors as broken. It is almost impossible to determine this for ordinary users. This scan will erase all sectors where read delays are detected.
After that, you will see the following picture in front of you, where the hard disk check will take place:
The column on the right will display the number of blocks that are read at different speeds, respectively, at speeds up to 3, up to 10, up to 50, up to 150, up to 500 and more than 500 milliseconds. An indicator of up to 150 milliseconds is considered normal. The presence of the characters "x" and "s" indicate bad sectors of the hard drive.
Checking the hard drive will take up to several hours. Everything directly depends on the volume of the hard drive. After that, you will be given information about how many bad sectors were found on the hard drive. And only after that you can begin to eliminate them. For this, there are the Erase Delays and Remap functions, which mark all bad areas of the disk and do not access them in the future. It is recommended to run Erase Delays. So you can remove all software failures of the hard drive. And after checking with this function, you can start launching with the Remap function enabled. So you can restore all possible areas of the hard drive and remove all bad sectors from it. The information that was at the same time in the broken sectors will be deleted.
If their number is very large, then, of course, working with such a hard drive in the future will be quite problematic because of the slow speed of reading information from it. But even that can be fixed by completely formatting the drive. In this case, the system will mark the broken sectors as areas in which you do not need to write information. Accordingly, the volume of the hard disk will decrease, but at the same time it will be possible to work successfully with it.
Conclusion.
As you can see, it is still possible to make an independent hard drive recovery. MHDD would be ideal for this. To understand its work, as you already understood, is quite simple. Therefore, if suddenly you are faced with a breakdown of the hard drive, you can use MHDD. The whole procedure will not take much of your time, and the result will pleasantly surprise you. You will find more information about data recovery in the section of the same name.The book outlines methods for recovering data from various storage media - hard drives, RAID arrays, CDs, DVDs, flash memory cards, camera cards and mobile phones... Repair of damaged equipment is considered in the publication only as one aspect of the entire data extraction process. The main topic is the extraction of data damaged due to physical or logical irregularities in the operation of the computer system or incorrect user actions. The book examines the recovery of accidentally deleted files, the extraction of valuable information from broken hard drives; describes programs and methods for recovering data from damaged RAID arrays, which is critical for the operation of corporate computer systems.
The book does not require special training of the reader: simple step-by-step data recovery procedures are preceded by a description of the principles of their storage on various media.
Book:
MHDD - small but powerful free program, designed to work with hard drives at the lowest level (bypassing the BIOS). It can diagnose drives, read and write arbitrary sectors, manage the SMART system, and much more.
The distribution kit of the program can be found on the developer's website http://www.ihdd.ru. You can download the MHDD as a CD image (mhdd32verx.x.iso file) or as a self-extracting floppy image. On the same site there is a new version documentation for the program. By default, the program works with a hard drive connected to the secondary (Secondary) IDE channel as the first device (Master). It can also work with SATA or SCSI drives. The MHDD program has many functions. Here are just a few steps.
Retrieving disk information.
Disk surface scanning.
Saving a disk image to a file.
These operations are united by the fact that they are not related to writing data to the checked disk, that is, they are non-destructive. There is no point in doing anything else with the disk from which the user is going to recover information. The main task is only to assess the situation, and not to check the disk, which is the main purpose of the MHDD program.
1. Burn the program to a CD, and then boot the computer from it. The menu for selecting drives will appear on the screen (Fig. 2.6). Select the disk you want to examine and enter its number from the list. You can invoke this menu at any time by pressing Shift + F3.
Figure: 2.6. Disk selection
2. After specifying the drive (for example, 3), press the Enter key. The program is ready to work with this hard drive. At the top of the screen are registers, or flags.Any IDE or SATA device must issue the message "DRIVE READY" and "DRIVE SEEK COMPLETE", that is, the DRDY and DRSC flags must be highlighted. The BUSY flag signals that the drive is performing some kind of operation, such as reading or writing.
You can get help about commands at any time by pressing the F1 key. Nevertheless, many people prefer to print out the list of commands in advance and put this sheet next to the computer - this is more convenient.
All commands are entered from the keyboard, the register does not matter. Entering any command is completed by pressing the Enter key. To cancel or interrupt the execution of a command, use the Esc key.
3. Enter the ID command for disk information. Another command, EID, displays more detailed information (Figure 2.7).
Figure: 2.7. Disc information
4. Press the F4 key to scan the surface, or enter the SCAN command and press the Enter key. A menu appears where you can change some of the settings. By default, the starting sector number is zero (starting sector). The ending sector number is the largest possible (end of disk). All functions that can change or destroy data on the disk (Remap, Erase Delays) are disabled by default. Press F4 again to start scanning.
MHDD scans drives in blocks. For IDE / SATA drives, one block equals 255 sectors (130,560 bytes). As the scan progresses, a map of blocks is built on the screen (Fig. 2.8). To the right of it is a "legend". The shorter the block access time, the better. If problems arise when accessing the block, then the time increases, but if an error occurs, the corresponding symbol is displayed on the map.
Figure: 2.8. Surface scanning
Everything that is listed in the legend below the question mark (time exceeded) are different variants of unreadable blocks. The decoding of these errors is as follows:
UNC - Uncorrectable Error, unrecoverable error;
ABRT - Abort, command rejected;
IDNF - Sector ID Not found, sector identifier not found;
AMNF - Address Mark Not Found, address mark not found;
T0NF - Track 0 Not Found, it is impossible to find the zero track;
BBK - Bad BlocK, "bad" block without giving a reason.
The main thing here is to understand that all these are the results of physical defects inside the HDA. It is important to decide how to save the data, not how to repair the hard drive. The caution when scanning is not to get carried away with diagnostics. However, the view of the map may suggest some conclusions.
Regularly repeating blocks with extended access times are the result of head positioning on the next cylinder. This is completely normal.
Randomly scattered blocks with various kinds of defects are a sign of general degradation of the drive. Plates, bearings or heads are worn out. The hard drive may have been "beaten" or overheated.
The "spot", in the middle of which there are absolutely unreadable blocks, surrounded by blocks with extended access times, is a sign of an increasing defect on the plate. We urgently need to extract the image.
Strictly and regularly repeating identical groups of inaccessible blocks are a sign of a faulty head. If you want, you can even calculate this head based on the physical geometry of the disk. If the most important data is on the surface of the plate serviced by this head, the hard drive needs to be repaired under special conditions. The plate may not be completely scratched yet.
A useful feature is Acoustic Management. Noise, of course, doesn't bother the user. However, the level of noise emitted by the movement of the heads is reduced by reducing the speed of their movement. For a faulty hard drive, this may be a measure that can facilitate its operation.
1. Enter the AAM command and press the Enter key. Here you can see the possible parameter values \u200b\u200bsupported by this hard drive.
2. Enter the value for the quietest (silent) operation and press the Enter key. This will help the hard drive a little, especially the head unit, for the duration of further manipulations.
At these steps, the diagnostics ends and data recovery begins. MHDD is capable of copying individual sectors or an entire disk to a file or set of files. The program skips defective unreadable sectors.
The TOF command copies the specified range of sectors (by default from zero to the last sector of this disk) into one file. The image file size cannot exceed 2 GB. If the user decided to create a disk image larger than 2 GB, then it is better to use the ATOF command, since it can automatically divide images into separate files.
1. Enter the TOF command and press the Enter key. The Fast Disk Image Creator prompt will appear (Fig. 2.9).
2. Enter the starting sector number and press Enter.
3. Enter the last sector number and press the Enter key.
Figure: 2.9. Create an image with the TOF command
4. Enter the path and file name of the image you want to create. The name is arbitrary, and the file must be created on another physical disk.
5. Press Enter to start copying.
After copying is complete, you can disconnect the problem disk and deal not with it, but with the file - its sector-by-sector copy. This will protect the disk from further damage: if the hard drive starts to malfunction, every extra minute of work can add new bad blocks to the platters or completely ruin the damaged head. The user should start his communication with the problem disk with copying, and postpone diagnostics.
Which program to make a copy is an open question. There is no definitive answer to it. The MHDD program and the Victoria program very similar to it create fewer problems when reading hard drives with numerous physical defects. Such problems can be the freezing of the program itself or the entire computer when trying to read some bad sectors... On the other hand, the R-Studio program is somewhat more convenient, especially since you still need to extract data from an image using this program. Conclusion: you can try using several programs.
Purpose of the programThe Victoria program is designed to test various drives: HDD, flash, RAID arrays, and also allows you to hide defects on the HDD surface, if such an opportunity is present. The author of the program, Sergey Kazansky, is distributed free of charge, you can download it http://hdd-911.com/
Brief description of the program
On Vista and older systems, the program must be run as Administrator, even if your account has administrator rights.
The program window is divided into several tabs: Standart, SMART, Test, Advanced and Setup. The API and PIO switches change the mode of operation of the program with the tested disk. PIO mode requires chipset support motherboard... Modern systems younger than about 2011 do not support this program operation mode, so we will not describe it. Here is a brief description of the controls in the tabs.
Standart. The window on the right shows a list of drives installed in the system. These are not only hard drives, but also USB-flash drives, SD, CF and other memory cards readers. They can be tested too. The choice of a device for testing is done by clicking on the desired item. Directly to the left of the Drive ATA passport window, information about the selected device is displayed. Seek, Acoustic menegment & BAD "er runs the seek test, allows AAM control (if supported by the drive) and simulates bad sectors on the drive.
S.M.A.R.T. Pressing the Get SMART button reads SMART. USB drives are not supported. The remaining buttons SMART ON, SMART OFF, Auto save attributes ON / OFF allow you to enable / disable SMART monitoring, save the read attributes.
Test. The main tab, with which we will work in the future. The Start LBA / End LBA windows define the beginning and end of the test area. By default, the entire disk is tested. Pause - pauses the test, the value changes to Continue. Start - starts the selected test, changes the value to Stop - stops the test. Rhombus with green arrows - moving forward or backward along the surface of the disc. Block size - the size of a block of sectors read at a time, you do not need to touch it. Timeout - the time after which, if there is no response from the drive, the program will transfer to the next sector. End of test - what to do at the end of the test: stop the disk, start the test from the beginning, turn off the disk or turn off the computer. The color bar shows the number of blocks with the specified read time. Switches Verify, Read, Write - test selection. Verify - check: the disk reads the sector, but does not transfer its contents to the computer. Read - reads a sector into the computer. Write - erase sector - this test destroys user data. Switches Ignor, Remap, Restore, Erase - work with bad blocks. Ignor - skip. Remap - try to reassign a sector from the reserve. Restore - try to subtract data and write back (does not work on modern drives\u003e 80GB). Erase - an attempt to write to a bad sector. It can be corrected if an incorrect check sum (CRC) is written to the sector. \u003e - forward test execution.<- выполнение теста назад: с конца диска. >?< - чтение по случайным адресам. >|< - тест «бабочка»: чтение попеременно сначала и с конца диска. Break All – отмена всех команд. Sleep – остановить диск. Recall – включить диск снова (после sleep).
Advanced. The main window shows the contents of the sector specified in the Sec field. The window below shows the contents of the partition table by the View part data button. MBR ON / OFF buttons enable / disable the ability to recognize partitions in the operating system.
An example of working with the Victoria program For an example of testing a disk, let's take a faulty WD2600BEVT HDD, which has surface damage and bad attributes in SMART. We launch the program, select our disk and see the following: on the left we see the parameters of the selected disk.
Further, on the SMART tab, you can see the SMART of our disk. Here it is.
We see that the program interprets it as bad. Let's consider in more detail.
Attribute 5 Reallocated sector count - the number of reassigned sectors 1287 - the disk is "crumbled".
Attribute 197 Current pending sectors - the number of sectors-candidates for reassignment, if the 5th attribute is full, it means that the disk is “crumpling”, the surface is rapidly degrading.
This means that if you need data from a disk, then you need to copy it immediately, and not try to repair such a disk. The actions that we will consider next can lead to loss of information.
Errors of the UNCR type are visible - these are bad, unreadable sectors - bad blocks.
You can uncheck the Grid checkbox, then the disk reading graph will be displayed. In places of bads, speed dips are visible, marked in red.
At the end of the test, you can try to hide the bad sectors by selecting the Remap mode. This can help if there are bad, but SMART does not have the BAD status yet. It looks like this:
The result of the remap can be viewed by reading the smart disk. Here it is:
The value of the 5th attribute increased and became 1291. During normal operation, disks, in the absence of access to them, launch their own procedures for checking and reassigning sectors in the background, and the number of candidates for remap, in the hundreds, indicates that the disk can no longer maintain a conditional condition and to be replaced. And not always the SMART state "but adequately describes the state of the disk - it can be badly damaged, and the SMART status is displayed as GOOD.
